Glossary of terms
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Load-bearing structure
13 termsTruss
The main supporting element of the roof that spans the width of the hall. It can be solid-walled (from a rolled profile) or lattice (composed of rods).
Lattice construction
A structure composed of rods connected in triangles. The material is only where it transmits the force, so it weighs significantly less than a full-wall beam with the same load-bearing capacity. It is used for larger spans.
Full wall beam
Beam from one rolled profile — for example IPE or HEA. Easier to manufacture than lattice, but heavier and more expensive for large spans.
Cross link (frame)
The basic unit of the hall structure: two columns and a front that form the frame. The frames are repeated along the length of the hall.
Range
Distance between supports — in the case of a hall, typically the width that the structure spans without a column in the middle.
Modulus (center distance)
Distance between individual crosslinks. For halls, it is most often between 5 and 6 meters.
Ramp up
Reinforcement of the transom at the point of connection to the column. In the corner of the frame, the stress is greatest, so material is added there and the rest of the beam can be more subtle.
Truss
A horizontal element placed on trusses that supports the roof sheathing.
Pajdik
A horizontal element on columns that supports the wall cladding. Thin-walled cold-formed profiles are often used.
Hardener
An element that ensures the spatial rigidity of the hall — usually a diagonal or a cross in the roof plane and in the walls.
Shield wall
The shorter front wall of the hall, perpendicular to the ridge.
Console
Element laid out on one side, without support at the free end. For example, it is used to bridge the gap between the new hall and the existing building.
Composite steel concrete slab
A ceiling in which a steel sheet and a concrete slab work together. The steel is at the bottom and carries the tension, the concrete at the top and carries the pressure. The result is thinner and lighter than a full concrete slab of the same load capacity.
The roof and its shape
6 conceptsDrip
The lowest edge of the roof. The height in the eaves is the most often given dimension of the hall.
Comb
The highest line of the gable roof.
Attica
A raised border around the perimeter of a flat roof that hides the roof from the outside.
Gable roof
Two roof planes that meet at the ridge.
Countertop roof
One plane sloping in one direction. Without a ridge, all the water goes to one side.
Skylight
The glazed part of the roof that brings daylight into the hall. According to the shape, gray (saw-shaped, glazed on only one side), saddle (glazed on two sides), arched and strip are distinguished.
Cladding
11 conceptsSandwich panel
Two steel sheets and an insulating core between them. The basic element of the cladding of modern halls.
PIR
Polyisocyanurate — an insulating core with the best insulating ability per unit thickness. The most common choice for normal operations.
PUR
Polyurethane — an older type of core. It insulates a little worse than PIR and behaves worse in a fire.
Mineral wool (MW)
Non-flammable insulating core. It insulates worse per unit of thickness than PIR, so there must be more of it. It is chosen where the fire solution of the building requires it.
Cooling panel
A panel with a more precise lock and better joint tightness, designed for operations with a constant temperature — coolers, wine warehouses, food industry.
Trapezoidal plate
Profiled sheet metal used as cladding for unheated objects or as a supporting layer of folded cladding.
Folded cloak
Roof structure made up of individual layers: load-bearing trapezoidal sheet, thermal insulation and waterproofing film. An alternative to a sandwich panel, advantageous for low slopes and where a greater thickness of insulation is needed.
Heat transfer coefficient (U)
It indicates how much heat passes through the structure. The lower the number, the better the insulation. It is given in W/m²K.
Vapor barrier foil
A layer that prevents water vapor from the interior from penetrating the shell structure, where it would condense.
Omega profile
Structural profile in the shape of an omega, visible on the facade. When it matches the color of the panel, it optically disappears.
Plinth
The bottom strip of a wall, usually concrete or masonry. Protects the jacket from mechanical damage and water. Cladding usually follows it at a height of 0.3 to 0.5 meters above the floor.
Surface protection
5 conceptsHot-dip galvanizing
Immersion of the structure in a bath of molten zinc. Zinc protects the steel electrochemically — it works even where the layer is damaged. The limitation is the size of the galvanizing bath.
Duplex system
Combination of hot-dip zinc and topcoat. The service life is higher than the sum of both protections separately.
Sa 2½
Level of surface cleanliness after blasting according to ČSN ISO 8501-1. It means very thorough blasting — there must be no scale, rust or old paint left on the steel, only trace shadows. The standard for quality coating systems.
Degree of corrosion aggressiveness (C1–C5)
Environmental classification according to ČSN EN ISO 12944. C1 is very low aggressiveness (heated interiors), C5 very high (seaside areas, chemical operations, stables with ammonia). A coating system is proposed according to the grade.
micron (μm)
A thousandth of a millimeter. It specifies the thickness of the coating. The usual thickness of polyurethane coating for halls is 100 to 120 μm.
Hall equipment
7 conceptsOverhead crane
A crane traveling on a track above the hall, which serves the entire area below.
Crane runway
The supporting structure on which the crane travels. It is supported by the columns of the hall, so it must be part of the design from the beginning — it is difficult to add later.
Sectional doors
A door composed of horizontal slats that, when opened, rises below the ceiling. The most common type of industrial door.
Integrated door
Door built into the door leaf. They allow passage without opening the entire door.
Panic fittings
Fittings that open from the inside by pressing the handle — without a key and without looking for a handle. Requirement on escape route doors.
Loading dock
A folding platform that balances the height difference between the floor of the hall and the loading area of the trailer. The cart then drives directly into the truck.
Sealing collar
A collar around the door that closes the gap between the rear of the trailer and the facade. Without it, heat escapes every time it is loaded and it rains in the hall.
Foundations and floors
7 conceptsBase foot
A point foundation under a column that transfers the load to the subsoil.
Basic passport
Continuous foundation under the perimeter wall.
Piles (deep foundation)
A solution for the case when there is no load-bearing soil at the available depth. The load is transferred deeper.
Submersion
Filling the gap between the base of the column and the foundation with mortar. It ensures even distribution of the load.
Reinforced concrete
Concrete with reinforcement scattered throughout the volume in the form of steel wires. It withstands point loads better and cracks less than a classically reinforced board.
Expansion joint
A cut joint in a concrete floor that gives the concrete a designated place for volumetric changes during curing. It is cut within 48 hours after concreting.
Lost formwork
A trapezoidal sheet on which the ceiling slab is concreted and which remains in the structure. Classic formwork and its removal are no longer required.
Standards and abbreviations in the documentation
5 conceptsČSN EN 1090-2
The standard setting the requirements for the execution of steel structures.
Design class (EXC1–EXC4)
Determines the rigor of production requirements — extent of weld inspections, welder qualifications, tolerances and documentation. For regular halls, EXC2 is used.
REI / EI
Designation of the fire resistance of the structure. The number after the abbreviation indicates the time in minutes that the element will retain its properties.
Broof (t3)
Classification of the roof in terms of resistance to the spread of fire from the outside — i.e. against flying sparks and burning parts.
DP1 / DP3
Designation of structural parts according to the amount of flammable substances.
Construction progress
5 conceptsGeneral contractor
A company that provides the entire building — design, permits, foundations, construction, cladding and finishing. The investor deals with one contract and one term.
Engineering activity
Ensuring the discussion of the construction with the authorities and concerned bodies until the building permit is issued.
Built-in
Floor structure inside the hall — offices, warehouse or facilities. It uses the height of the hall without detracting from the floor plan.
Sheathing
Replacement of cladding on the existing hall. The old shell is dismantled and replaced with a new one, the supporting structure remains.
Geodetic staking
Precise positioning of the anchor points before concreting the foundations. Without it, the structure will not fit on the foundation.
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